2025
2025
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Record 1 of
Title:Accurate fast quantitative phase imaging based on accelerative iterative transport of the intensity equation solution
Author Full Names:Fan, Chen(1,2); Zhao, Zixin(1,2); Zhang, Lu(1,2); Li, Junxiang(1,3); Du, Yijun(1,3); Hu, Zirui(1,3); Jin, Yusheng(1,3); Li, Kejia(1,2); Zhang, Gaopeng(4); Zhao, Hong(1,2)Source Title:Optics ExpressLanguage:EnglishDocument Type:Journal article (JA)Abstract:As a simple and widely used quantitative phase imaging (QPI) approach, the transport of intensity equation (TIE) is plagued by accuracy and applicability issues due to the limitations of conventional solution algorithms. To address these problems, we present an accurate fast QPI method using an accelerated iteration-based TIE solution. In this method, a gradient acceleration iterative solution is constructed by TIE itself. In this manner, the restrictions in TIE ("phase discrepancy" and "phase singularity" issues) are bypassed, resulting in a fast convergence TIE numerical algorithm with great applicability. In addition, by using high-accurate multi-plane intensity derivative estimation result as initial iteration value, the accuracy and noise robustness of phase reconstruction are significantly improved. Finally, an accurate, fast, and widely applicable QPI can be achieved. Experiments on various phase objects, including phase plates and living cells, demonstrate the accuracy, applicability, and real-time measurement ability of our method. Our method provides a general TIE algorithm for accurate real-time QPI. ? 2025 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement.Affiliations:(1) State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, Xi’an; 710049, China; (2) School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, Xi’an; 710049, China; (3) School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, Xi’an; 710049, China; (4) Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shaanxi, Xi’an; 710119, ChinaPublication Year:2025Volume:33Issue:1Start Page:144-156DOI Link:10.1364/OE.544134數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)ID（收錄號(hào)）:20250317694000 -
Record 2 of
Title:Measurement and Analysis of Optical Transmission Characteristics of the Human Skull
Author Full Names:Chen, Peiquan(1,2,3); Zhou, Liang(1,3); Liu, Zhaohui(1,3); Liu, Shuang(4)Source Title:Journal of BiophotonicsLanguage:EnglishDocument Type:Article in PressAbstract:The brain, as a vital part of central nervous system, receives approximately 25% of body's blood supply, making accurate monitoring of cerebral blood flow essential. While fNIRS is widely used for measuring brain physiology, complex tissue structure affects light intensity, spot size, and detection accuracy. Many studies rely on simulations with limited experimental validation. In this study, we used real adult skulls and agar to create a mimic model, building a transmission optical system with 13 wavelength filters and varying agar thicknesses. Peak intensity of transmitted light and size of scattered spot were measured at different wavelengths, and transmittance, total attenuation coefficient, and spot diameter enlargement of cranial mimics at different wavelengths were obtained. Results showed wavelengths below 550 nm struggled to penetrate the skull, while those above 700 nm penetrated deeper and diffused more. This suggests that short wavelengths capture epidermal PPG signals, whereas longer wavelengths detect both epidermal and intracranial signals. ? 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.Affiliations:(1) Xi'an Institute Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; (2) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; (3) Key?Laboratory of Space Precision Measurement Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; (4) Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, ChinaPublication Year:2025DOI Link:10.1002/jbio.202400414數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)ID（收錄號(hào)）:20250317720354 -
Record 3 of
Title:Chalcogenide dual-core all-solid anti-resonant fiber polarization beam splitter operating at 3 μm band
Author Full Names:Zhang, Zhenlong(1); Guo, Haitao(2); Li, Jianshe(1); Zhao, Yuanyuan(1); Li, Shuguang(1); Xu, Yantao(2); Chang, Yanjie(2); Zhang, Hao(2)Source Title:Physica ScriptaLanguage:EnglishDocument Type:Journal article (JA)Abstract:For the first time, we proposed a polarization beam splitter (PBS) designed based on chalcogenide dual-core all-solid anti-resonance fiber (AS-ARF) and simulated it numerically using the finite element method (FEM). Two large cladding tubes are introduced to divide the fiber core into fiber cores A and B. Mode coupling and energy exchange between the two fiber cores are enabled through the gap g between the two large cladding tubes. By adjusting the structural parameters of the AS-ARF, polarization beam-splitting ability and single-mode characteristics can be obtained. The influence of the position of the nested tube within the large cladding tube on the performance of the PBS is further investigated. The numerical results show that the beam-splitting lengths of the two proposed PBSs are 9.5 cm and 8.2 cm, respectively, and the polarization extinction ratios (PERs) are ?55.98 dB and ?41.35 dB at 3 μm. In the wavelength range from 2.98 μm to 3.03 μm, both PBSs can simultaneously achieve polarization beam-splitting and single-mode characteristics. The proposed chalcogenide-based dual-core AS-ARF is a suitable candidate for PBS in the mid-infrared 3 μm band. ? 2025 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.Affiliations:(1) State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology, Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao; 066004, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi’an; 710119, ChinaPublication Year:2025Volume:100Issue:2Article Number:25511DOI Link:10.1088/1402-4896/ada326數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)ID（收錄號(hào)）:20250317714214 -
Record 4 of
Title:Application of Enhanced Weighted Least Squares with Dark Background Image Fusion for Inhomogeneity Noise Removal in Brain Tumor Hyperspectral Images
Author Full Names:Yan, Jiayue(1,2,3); Tao, Chenglong(1,3,4); Wang, Yuan(5); Du, Jian(1,3); Qi, Meijie(1); Zhang, Zhoufeng(1,3); Hu, Bingliang(1,3)Source Title:Applied Sciences (Switzerland)Language:EnglishDocument Type:Journal article (JA)Abstract:The inhomogeneity of spectral pixel response is an unavoidable phenomenon in hyperspectral imaging, which is mainly manifested by the existence of inhomogeneity banding noise in the acquired hyperspectral data. It must be carried out to get rid of this type of striped noise since it is frequently uneven and densely distributed, which negatively impacts data processing and application. By analyzing the source of the instrument noise, this work first created a novel non-uniform noise removal method for a spatial dimensional push sweep hyperspectral imaging system. Clean and clear medical hyperspectral brain tumor tissue images were generated by combining scene-based and reference-based non-uniformity correction denoising algorithms, providing a strong basis for further diagnosis and classification. The precise procedure entails gathering the reference dark background image for rectification and the actual medical hyperspectral brain tumor image. The original hyperspectral brain tumor image is then smoothed using a weighted least squares algorithm model embedded with bilateral filtering (BLF-WLS), followed by a calculation and separation of the instrument fixed-mode fringe noise component from the acquired reference dark background image. The purpose of eliminating non-uniform fringe noise is achieved. In comparison to other common image denoising methods, the evaluation is based on the subjective effect and unreferenced image denoising evaluation indices. The approach discussed in this paper, according to the experiments, produces the best results in terms of the subjective effect and unreferenced image denoising evaluation indices (MICV and MNR). The image processed by this method has almost no residual non-uniform noise, the image is clear, and the best visual effect is achieved. It can be concluded that different denoising methods designed for different noises have better denoising effects on hyperspectral images. The non-uniformity denoising method designed in this paper based on a spatial dimension push-sweep hyperspectral imaging system can be widely used. ? 2024 by the authors.Affiliations:(1) Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an; 710119, China; (2) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Biomedical Spectroscopy of Xi’an, Xi’an; 710119, China; (4) Institutional Center for Shared Technologies and Facilities of XIOPM, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an; 710119, China; (5) Tangdu Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi’an; 710119, ChinaPublication Year:2025Volume:15Issue:1Article Number:321DOI Link:10.3390/app15010321數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)ID（收錄號(hào)）:20250217671783 -
Record 5 of
Title:Compact single-shot multispectral polarization imager through joint spectral-polarization encoding
Author Full Names:Lan, Yubo(1,2); Xie, Peiyue(1,2); Dong, Xue(1,2,3); Liu, Fei(1,2); Guo, Song(4); Liu, Jinpeng(1,2); Xiang, Meng(1,2,5); Shao, Xiaopeng(4); Han, Pingli(1,2); Liu, Ming(3); Ge, Jingjing(5)Source Title:Optics ExpressLanguage:EnglishDocument Type:Journal article (JA)Abstract:The technique of spectral polarization imaging (SPI) is a potent detection tool in various fields due to its ability to capture multi-dimensional information. However, existing SPI systems usually face challenges associated with architectural complexity and computational requirements, rendering them unsuitable for handheld, on-board, and real-time applications. Consequently, a compact single-shot multispectral polarization imager (CSMPI) is proposed, which employs a combined spectral-polarization encoding strategy to address the aforementioned issues. It incorporates a coded aperture for encoding multiple spectral channels together with linear polarization into a single measurement, enabling the simultaneous detection of up to nine light components with just one exposure. The resulting prototype consists solely of a color polarization detector and an imaging lens inserted with the small and easily fabricable coded aperture, which features compact dimensions of Φ5.5 cm × 21.5 cm and a light weight of approximately 670 g. This is particularly advantageous for application areas that require system miniaturization and rapid multi-dimensional detection. ? 2025 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement.Affiliations:(1) School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an; 710071, China; (2) Xi’an Key Laboratory of Computational Imaging, Xi’an; 710071, China; (3) National Key Laboratory of Infrared Detection Technologies, Shanghai; 200083, China; (4) Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an; 710119, China; (5) Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Remote Sensing Technology, Beijing; 100094, ChinaPublication Year:2025Volume:33Issue:1Start Page:1186-1196DOI Link:10.1364/OE.550665數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)ID（收錄號(hào)）:20250317693970 -
Record 6 of
Title:Multi-Scale Long- and Short-Range Structure Aggregation Learning for Low-Illumination Remote Sensing Imagery Enhancement
Author Full Names:Cao, Yu(1,2,3); Tian, Yuyuan(1,2,4); Su, Xiuqin(1,2); Xie, Meilin(1,2); Hao, Wei(1,2); Wang, Haitao(1); Wang, Fan(1)Source Title:Remote SensingLanguage:EnglishDocument Type:Journal article (JA)Abstract:Profiting from the surprising non-linear expressive capacity, deep convolutional neural networks have inspired lots of progress in low illumination (LI) remote sensing image enhancement. The key lies in sufficiently exploiting both the specific long-range (e.g., non-local similarity) and short-range (e.g., local continuity) structures distributed across different scales of each input LI image to build an appropriate deep mapping function from the LI images to their corresponding high-quality counterparts. However, most existing methods can only individually exploit the general long-range or short-range structures shared across most images at a single scale, thus limiting their generalization performance in challenging cases. We propose a multi-scale long–short range structure aggregation learning network for remote sensing imagery enhancement. It features flexible architecture for exploiting features at different scales of the input low illumination (LI) image, with branches including a short-range structure learning module and a long-range structure learning module. These modules extract and combine structural details from the input image at different scales and cast them into pixel-wise scale factors to enhance the image at a finer granularity. The network sufficiently leverages the specific long-range and short-range structures of the input LI image for superior enhancement performance, as demonstrated by extensive experiments on both synthetic and real datasets. ? 2025 by the authors.Affiliations:(1) Key Laboratory of Space Precision Measurement Technology, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an; 710119, China; (2) Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao; 266237, China; (3) Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan; 030006, China; (4) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, ChinaPublication Year:2025Volume:17Issue:2Article Number:242DOI Link:10.3390/rs17020242數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)ID（收錄號(hào)）:20250417759579 -
Record 7 of
Title:SCM-YOLO for Lightweight Small Object Detection in Remote Sensing Images
Author Full Names:Qiang, Hao(1,2); Hao, Wei(1,2); Xie, Meilin(1,2); Tang, Qiang(1,2); Shi, Heng(1,2); Zhao, Yixin(1,2); Han, Xiaoteng(1,2)Source Title:Remote SensingLanguage:EnglishDocument Type:Journal article (JA)Abstract:Currently, small object detection in complex remote sensing environments faces significant challenges. The detectors designed for this scenario have limitations, such as insufficient extraction of spatial local information, inflexible feature fusion, and limited global feature acquisition capability. In addition, there is a need to balance performance and complexity when improving the model. To address these issues, this paper proposes an efficient and lightweight SCM-YOLO detector improved from YOLOv5 with spatial local information enhancement, multi-scale feature adaptive fusion, and global sensing capabilities. The SCM-YOLO detector consists of three innovative and lightweight modules: the Space Interleaving in Depth (SPID) module, the Cross Block and Channel Reweight Concat (CBCC) module, and the Mixed Local Channel Attention Global Integration (MAGI) module. These three modules effectively improve the performance of the detector from three aspects: feature extraction, feature fusion, and feature perception. The ability of SCM-YOLO to detect small objects in complex remote sensing environments has been significantly improved while maintaining its lightweight characteristics. The effectiveness and lightweight characteristics of SCM-YOLO are verified through comparison experiments with AI-TOD and SIMD public remote sensing small object detection datasets. In addition, we validate the effectiveness of the three modules, SPID, CBCC, and MAGI, through ablation experiments. The comparison experiments on the AI-TOD dataset show that the mAP50 and mAP50-95 metrics of SCM-YOLO reach 64.053% and 27.283%, respectively, which are significantly better than other models with the same parameter size. ? 2025 by the authors.Affiliations:(1) Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an; 710119, China; (2) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, ChinaPublication Year:2025Volume:17Issue:2Article Number:249DOI Link:10.3390/rs17020249數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)ID（收錄號(hào)）:20250517775392 -
Record 8 of
Title:Crystallization behavior of amorphous GST films under an ultrafast laser irradiation
Author Full Names:Zhang, Xuechen(1); Lv, Jing(2); Xu, Jinlong(1); Xie, Liang(1); Zhang, Guodong(1); Zhang, Zhongyin(3); Li, Shujuan(2); Cheng, Guanghua(1)Source Title:Optics and Laser TechnologyLanguage:EnglishDocument Type:Journal article (JA)Abstract:The crystallization behaviors of amorphous Ge2Sb2Te5 films induced by an ultrafast laser with a time-shaping Gaussian intensity distribution have been studied. The crystalline regions were characterized using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. It is found that the region ablated by a single pulse undergoes recrystallization, with a reflectivity higher than that of the non-ablated crystalline region. While preserving the integrity of the film, the diameter of the region with high and uniform reflectivity induced by burst mode is twice that of a single pulse, and the reflectivity is 3 % higher than the 31 % achieved with a single pulse. Additionally, the energy window for laser-induced crystallization expands with an increasing number of burst pulses; specifically, it increases by approximately 2.4 times when the number of sub-pulses is 4 or 5. The Raman results at low pulse energy show a high peak intensity at the 105 cm?1 in related to the vibrations of Te-rich tetrahedra, indicating that the degree of crystallinity in the burst mode region is superior to that achieved with single pulse irradiation. Furthermore, the blue shift of this Raman peak with increased pulse energy further supports that burst mode provides sufficient time for nucleation growth. This work offers insights into achieving more controllable crystallization, which can enhance its applications in phase change memory and other reconfigurable devices. ? 2024Affiliations:(1) School of Artificial Intelligence, Optics and Electronics (iOPEN), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an; 710072, China; (2) School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an; 710048, China; (3) School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an; 710072, ChinaPublication Year:2025Volume:182Article Number:112145DOI Link:10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.112145數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)ID（收錄號(hào)）:20244717403436 -
Record 9 of
Title:Numerical prediction of drag force on spherical elements inside high-speed ball bearing with under-race lubrication
Author Full Names:Gao, Wenjun(1,2); Li, Yuanhao(1); Li, Can(1); Xu, Yang(3); Liu, Zhenxia(1,2)Source Title:Mechanical Systems and Signal ProcessingLanguage:EnglishDocument Type:Journal article (JA)Abstract:In high-speed ball bearings, the revolution of spherical elements is significantly influenced by drag force of lubricant fluid, impacting the bearing's dynamic and thermal performance. To investigate drag force in under-race lubrication ball bearings, a numerical study was conducted after the experimental verification. A multi-sphere flow model with a sandwich plate was tested, which indicates a strong agreement between numerical calculations and experimental data, with an error margin below 10 %. In the numerical simulation, pressure distribution and shear stress on the ball was studied, considering variables such as bearing rotational speed, oil flow rate, oil density, and oil viscosity. Results reveal low pressure at the upper hemisphere's center and high pressure on both sides. Shear stress is concentrated in contact areas between the element and components like the inner ring, outer ring, and cage. Oil injection from the inner ring significantly alters the pressure and shear stress distribution in the lower hemisphere. The direction of drag force is the same as the rolling element's revolution, acting as driving force for elements’ revolution. Increasing bearing rotating speed, oil flow rate, oil viscosity, and oil density all contribute to higher drag forces on the ball. Based on the numerical simulations, a predictive formula for the ball's drag force was developed. ? 2024 Elsevier LtdAffiliations:(1) School of Power and Energy, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an; 710129, China; (2) National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology On Advanced Light-duty Gas-turbine, Xi'an; 710129, China; (3) Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of CAS, Xi'an; 710000, ChinaPublication Year:2025Volume:224Article Number:112024DOI Link:10.1016/j.ymssp.2024.112024數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)ID（收錄號(hào)）:20244117169216 -
Record 10 of
Title:Tunable lateral displacement and spin beam splitter for ballistic electrons in two-dimensional magnetic-electric nanostructures
Author Full Names:Chen, Xi(2); Li, Chun-Fang(1,2); Ban, Yue(1)Source Title:arXivLanguage:EnglishDocument Type:Preprint (PP)Abstract:We investigate the lateral displacements for ballistic electron beams in a two-dimensional electron gas modulated by metallic ferromagnetic (FM) stripes with parallel (P) and anti-parallel (AP) magnetization configurations. It is shown that the displacements are negative as well as positive, which can be controlled by adjusting the electric potential induced by the applied voltage and the magnetic field strength of FM stripes. Based on these novel phenomena, we propose an efficient way to realize a spin beam splitter, which can completely separate spin-up and spin-down electron beams in the AP configuration by their corresponding spatial positions. ? 2025, CC BY.Affiliations:(1) Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai; 200444, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of CAS, Xi’an; 710119, ChinaPublication Year:2025DOI Link:10.48550/arXiv.2501.08242數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)ID（收錄號(hào)）:20250045259 -
Record 11 of
Title:1480 nm diode-pumped sub-kHz single-frequency Er-doped fiber laser at 1600.05 nm
Author Full Names:Wang, Kaile(1,2); Wang, Ping(1); Wen, Zengrun(3); Cao, Tian(1); Li, Hao(1); Yang, Ting(1)Source Title:Infrared Physics and TechnologyLanguage:EnglishDocument Type:Journal article (JA)Abstract:This study successfully realized a single-frequency erbium-doped fiber laser operating at 1600.05 nm by harnessing fiber-based saturable absorber filtering effects. To mitigate adverse impacts of the fiber-based saturable absorber's length on laser loss, threshold, and cost, suitable fiber components were meticulously selected, facilitating the achievement of both single-frequency laser output and the desired power level. Spectral and frequency analysis revealed that the resultant single-frequency fiber laser demonstrates a specific power output range, with a maximum output power exceeding 10 mW. The average linewidth, measured using the delayed self-heterodyne method, was approximately 679.8 Hz, validated by the perfect Lorentz linear signal. During one hour of stability monitoring, the wavelength and power fluctuations were observed to be 1.51 pm and 0.082 %, respectively. Furthermore, we meticulously observe and quantify the laser spectrum and power dynamics during the experiment, and contrast the outcomes of various linewidth signals. This approach offers a novel perspective for observing and expressing the parameters of narrow linewidth lasers, particularly those equipped with extended fiber cavities. ? 2025 Elsevier B.V.Affiliations:(1) School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an; 710071, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an; 710119, China; (3) Center of Light Manipulations and Applications & School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan; 250014, ChinaPublication Year:2025Volume:145Article Number:105743DOI Link:10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105743數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)ID（收錄號(hào)）:20250517791583 -
Record 12 of
Title:High-performance microchannel plates based on atomic layer deposition for the preparation of functional layers
Author Full Names:Lian, Zhuoxi(1); Wang, Dan(1); Zhu, Xiangping(2,3); He, Yongning(1)Source Title:Journal of Physics D: Applied PhysicsLanguage:EnglishDocument Type:Journal article (JA)Abstract:Microchannel plates (MCPs) are critical devices used in electron multiplication for applications such as night vision, mass spectrometry, and particle detection. Traditional MCP fabrication using lead silicate glass faces challenges in meeting the increasing demands for high gain, long lifespan, and low noise. In this study, pursuing MCP with excellent performance, atomic layer deposition (ALD) technology was employed to prepare Ru/Al2O3 composite film and Al2O3 film as the conductive layer and secondary electron emission (SEE) layer respectively in microchannels. By optimizing the ALD cycle ratio of Ru and Al2O3, process parameters that satisfy the MCP bulk resistance requirements were obtained. As the number of ALD cycles for Ru increases, the bulk resistance decreases, enabling the regulation of bulk resistance within the range of tens to hundreds of megaohms. The variation of the secondary electron yield of Al2O3 film with increasing thickness was investigated, and a preferable thickness of 5-7 nm was obtained. When the ALD cycle ratio of Ru to Al2O3 in the conductive layer is 29:10 and the thickness of the Al2O3 film in the SEE layer is 7 nm, the gain of the fabricated MCP exceeds 3 × 105 at a bias voltage of 1500 V. As well as the fabricated MCP also exhibits excellent uniformity and stability in electron multiplication. Additionally, a GaAs image intensifier utilizing the prepared MCP exhibited superior performance in field-of-view uniformity, low-light imaging, and resolution. This study makes significant engineering sense for enhancing MCP performance and expanding its applications in imaging and related fields. ? 2025 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.Affiliations:(1) School of Microelectronics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an; 710049, China; (2) Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an; 710119, China; (3) ZhongKe Atomically Precise Manufacturing Technology Co. Ltd, Xi’an; 710119, ChinaPublication Year:2025Volume:58Issue:11Article Number:115106DOI Link:10.1088/1361-6463/ada80a數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)ID（收錄號(hào)）:20250517770821